'Bond CL' Winter Wheat
	Bond CL Field Plot Julesburg, Colorado July 2004	Bond CL Breeder Seed Increase Yuma, Arizona May 2003

'Bond CL' winter wheat was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released to seed producers in August 2004. Bond CL is a doubled-haploid line developed using the wheat x maize (Zea mays L.) hybridization method from the cross Yumar//TXGH12588-120*4/FS2 made in 1997 at Fort Collins, CO. Yumar is a hard red winter wheat cultivar adapted for production in the western areas of the central Great Plains of the U.S. TXGH12588-120 is an unreleased sister selection of the hard red winter wheat cultivar TAM 110. The wheat germplasm line FS2 was developed by BASF Corporation (formerly American Cyanamid) using sodium azide induced mutagenesis of the French wheat cultivar Fidel to obtain tolerance to Beyond herbicide. Doubled haploid generation was done from the F1 generation of the cross between Yumar and an Beyond-tolerant BC3F2 plant with the pedigree TXGH12588-120*4/FS2.

Bond CL is a medium-early maturing, semidwarf hard red winter wheat that carries tolerance to Beyond herbicide. Average heading date of Bond CL is about 1.8 days later than Above and about 2.2 days earlier than Yumar. Plant height of Bond CL is medium-tall, about 1.8 inches taller than Above and about 1.4 inches taller than Yumar. Coleoptile length of Bond CL (78.5 mm, n=6 observations) is less than Above (86.5 mm) but greater than Yumar (62.9 mm). Shattering tolerance of Bond CL is good (3.6 score, 1=no shatter to 9=severe shatter, n=3 observations), slightly better than Above (4.3 score) and Yumar (4.8 score).

Selection History

Bond CL was selected in 2000 at Fort Collins, CO, and assigned experimental number CO00D007. Bulk seed increases of Bond CL were grown in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO, concurrent with replicated yield trials in eastern Colorado. Following treatment of the seed increases with Beyond herbicide (44.8 g ai/hectare or 12 oz/acre) in fall 2000, single spikes were selected at random for further seed increase in 2002. Seed purification of Bond CLwas done by treating 405 headrows with Beyond herbicide (44.8 g ai/hectare or 12 oz/acre) in Yuma, AZ, in 2002 and compositing the seed from rows with uniform appearance. Breeder seed was grown in 2003 in Yuma, AZ.

Yield Performance

Bond CL was tested in Colorado Dryland Variety Performance Trials in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Averaged over 14 trial locations (three locations in 2002, six locations in 2003, and five locations in 2004), Bond CL (47.7 bu/acre) yielded 1.4% less than Above (48.4 bu/acre) and 5.2% greater than AP502 CL (45.3 bu/acre), the only two cultivars in the trials with tolerance to Beyond herbicide. Compared with RWA resistant cultivars in the trials, Bond CL yielded 2.1% greater than Ankor (46.7 bu/acre), 3.3% greater than Stanton (46.2 bu/acre), 3.5% greater than Prairie Red (46.1 bu/acre), and 4.6% greater than Yumar (45.6 bu/acre). Average test weight for Bond CL (57.3 lb/bushel) in these trials was 3.1% less than Stanton (59.1 lb/bushel), 2.3% less than Yumar (58.6 lb/bushel), 1.6% less than Above, Ankor, and Prairie Red (58.2 lb/bushel), and 0.8% less than AP502 C (57.7 lb/bushel).

Bond CL was tested at two locations of the Colorado Irrigated Variety Performance Trial (IVPT) during 2004. In these trials, Bond CL (112.9 bu/acre) yielded 1.5% less than Yuma (114.6 bu/acre) and 4.9% greater than Prairie Red (107.6 bu/acre), the latter being the cultivar with the greatest genetic similarity to Above and AP502 CL. The straw strength of Bond CL in these trials was slightly below average (4.0 score, 1=erect to 9=flat), slightly greater than Ankor (5.0 score) but lower than Prairie Red (2.0 score).

Disease and Insect Resistance

In artificially inoculated field screening nurseries, Bond CL has shown moderate susceptibility to stem rust and moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and stripe rust. Under natural field infection, Bond CL has shown moderate susceptibility to wheat streak mosaic virus. In greenhouse seedling screening tests, Bond CL is resistant to greenbug biotype E, susceptible to the Great Plains biotype of Hessian fly, resistant to the original North American biotype of the Russian wheat aphid (biotype A), and susceptible to a new biotype of RWA identified in Colorado in 2003.

End-Use Quality Characteristics

Milling and bread baking characteristics of Bond CL were determined from composite grain samples from the Colorado Dryland Variety Performance Trials in 2001 and 2002. Relative to the herbicide tolerant cultivar Above, Bond CL had lower grain volume weight, kernel weight, and Brabender Quadromat Sr. flour yield, and similar flour protein content and ash content. In optimized, straight-dough bread baking tests (AACC Method 10-10B; AACC, 2000), Bond CL had higher bake water absorption, longer mixograph mix time, better mixograph tolerance score, similar loaf volume, and better crumb grain and texture score compared to Above.

Development Team

Scott D. Haley, James S. Quick, Frank B. Peairs, Jerry J. Johnson, Phil Westra, John A. Stromberger, Sally R. Clayshulte, Bruce L. Clifford, Jeff B. Rudolph, Bradford W. Seabourn, and Okky K. Chung

Affiliations

• S.D. Haley, J.S. Quick, J.A. Stromberger, S.R. Clayshulte, B.L. Clifford, and J.J. Johnson, Soil and Crop Sciences Dep., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
• F.B. Peairs, J.B. Rudolph, and P. Westra, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Dep., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
• B. W. Seabourn and O.K. Chung, USDA-ARS-GMPRC-GQSRU, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736

References and Notes

Breeder seed of Bond CL will be maintained by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Bond CL has been submitted for U.S. Plant Variety Protection under P.L. 91-577 with the certification option.

Acknowledgements

Bond CL was developed with financial support from Colorado Agric. Exp. Stn. Projects 795 and 646, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation.